In the 9 years of its existence ENP co-ordinated / published the following researches:
Facts, Figures and General Information
(1989-1992-1994-1996-1998-2000 publications).
This research report contains more than 200 pages of information about the situation of policewomen in all European countries. Data on numbers and percentages of policewomen in the various ranks and positions can be found, as well as information about child care facilities, pregnancy leave, career development possibilities and equal opportunities programmes in general.
In English language.
Equal Treatment of Policewomen in the European Community
(1991)
In May 1989 the European Network of Policewomen was established, as a result of an international conference for policewomen. Preceding this conference a survey was held to find out to what extent policewomen have the same rights as their male colleagues within the forces. The result of the survey led to suspect that in several countries policewomen were not treated the same as their male counterparts. The European Network of Policewomen made contact with the Law Research Information Centre of Utrecht University because they wanted research into the question wether certain laws, measures and/or provisions, applying to different police forces within the European Community, are in conflict with the European directive concerning equal treatment of men and women (directive 76/207 EEC), the so-called second directive. This directive states that the principle of equal treatment must be applied to entering the work force, promotion opportunities, the occupational training and for the terms of employment. The object of this research is on the one hand to get insight into the effects and application of the second European directive and on the other hand to sound out whether the instructions within the different police forces of the EC countries result in direct or indirect discrimination of women.
In English language and Dutch language.
In December 1993 a conference on how to combat sexual harassment within the European Police Services took place in the Netherlands, organised by the European Network of Policewomen. One of the main conclusions of the conference was that an effective policy against sexual harassment should be linked to a broader policy directed at improving the position of women in the work place. In this working document answers to the following questions can be found:
By sending off questionnaires and having interviews in-depth information from nine European countries was gathered, which resulted in this overview about the position of women within the police services of these countries.
In English language.
Report of the participation of an international ENP delegation to the Fourth United Nations Conference on Women in China in 1995. Questions such as ‘Why should a delegation of women from the police attend the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women?’ and ‘What does this event have to do with policing?’ were the first thoughts of some police organisations when they were asked for support. For the European Network of Policewomen it was clear. It was the belief that the police must work in partnership with society. It should be an ally in improving the position of women in the world. As female police officers, the delegation saw the need to improve the relationship between women and the police - not only those women working within the police itself but for women in society as a whole. This report gives the background to the conference. It provides detail on those critical areas of concern relevant to the police and puts forward recommendations for police organisations to address these concerns. It outlines the work of the European Network of Policewomen delegation and describes its goal of establishing a world-wide network of police officers, who by their style of policing, will contribute to the implementation of the Platform for Action.
In English and Dutch language.
At the Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women which took place in 1995 in Chine the delegation of the European Network of Policewomen was approached by a coalition of women’s crisis centres in Russia. Most of these centres are hotlines and they are especially involved in the counselling and relief of female victims of violence. After the conference the European Network of Policewomen received requests for help regar-ding the initiation of contacts with the local police from crisis centres in Irkutsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Saratov, Segai Passad and St. Petersburg. The European Network of Policewomen decided to compose a multi-disciplinary delegation. The visits main objective was to make an inventory of how these crisis centres can be supported. This support eventually will have to result in an improvement of the help that is offered by the police and the welfare workers. Besides listing perspectives the visit was also used to transfer knowledge at the seminars. The members of the delegation were of course aware of the fact that one visit does not constitute any structural help. The visit offered Russian organisations an opportunity to get an idea of the prospective support from the Netherlands.
In English and Dutch language.
In 1996 the Law Research Information Centre of Utrecht University has been commissioned by the European Network of Policewomen to study equal pay for policemen and -women within the European Union. The objective of the research was to gain insight into the manner in which pay systems within police services of EC member states are set up, and whether these systems are in accordance with the valid European legislation in this field. What are the effects of the EC-directive concerning equal pay for men and women (Directive 75/117/EEC) and other relevant regulations for women employed in European Police Services? This research should answer the question whether there is unequal pay for policemen and policewomen in several countries within the EC.
In English language.
The aim of this research report was to draw up a paper about violence against women and the role of the Russian police in combatting violence against women. In order to draw proper conclusions and recommendations for the police force, it was necessary to have a much wider look at this problem in a broader context, which caused the need to include police experience from other countries and more then that, to use the examples of how police abroad deals with and tackles this problem. Thus, such a comprehensive, international overview gives the source of raising awareness and encourages a growing police intolerance for all forms of violence against women. The research was conducted in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and answers to the following questions are given:
In English language.
The European Network of Policewomen, realising the need for co-operation between women’s organisations and police organisations, started with the organisation of a conference on this subject and sent off a journalist on a journey which took her around the world to investigate how the police combat violence against women. The unequal division of knowledge, power and money produces economic and social poverty. These, in turn, lead to oppression and violence, and it is the women who suffer most from oppression, who are mentally and physically beaten, raped and forced to sell their bodies. The journalist picked the countries she visited knowing that ‘something was going on’ there. She visited police projects in Poland, the Netherlands, India, Uganda, South Africa and the United States of America. There she met some highly motivated police officers who were, often single-handedly, fighting for the rights and protection of women. She had thought, however, that she would somehow discover the ‘best practices’ for combatting violence against women. Unfortunately, it turned out that she had set off about fifteen years too soon, for what she discovered were more like the ‘first steps’. These are to be admired and are interesting nonetheless.
In English language.
(Policewomen before and after the fall of the wall in Germany; a comparison)
This research report gives an overview of the working conditions of women working within the police in the former East-German State Countries and makes a comparison between their situation before and after the fall of the wall. It tries to find out if there were better working conditions in the past that disappeared in the present situation. In each of the five former East-German State Countries in-depth interviews were held with five women working within the police.
In German language, survey available in English language.
University of Maribor - Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security
The work of the Faculty of Criminal Justice is spread across six departments:
- social sciences;
- law;
- information science and methodology;
- criminal investigation, criminology and criminal law;
- security studies;
- management and police administration;
The departments are responsible for teaching work and, together with the Institute of Criminal Justice Research, make a significant contribution to research into security study issues in modern societies. Members of the departments also offer consultancy and training services to various areas of the security system.
During the course of the ‘6th Day of Security’ seminar held in 2005 in Slovenia, organized by the University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, the results of a research done on the topic of ‘Integration of Women in the Slovenian Police Force’ was presented.
More about the research…
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